Robot-assisted Computer-Implant surgery : A comprehensive review of system architecture, clinical accuracy, and...

Advances in intelligent technologies have endowed robots with unprecedented advantages in medical applications. In dental implant surgery, the growing demand for precision and comprehensive procedural visualization has spurred the emergence and development of robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS). This structured narrative review systematically introduces the system architecture, classification, and clinical workflow of r-CAIS, and provides a thorough analysis of its technical advantages over static and dynamic computer-assisted surgery. Unlike a formal systematic review, this article employs a qualitative evidence synthesis without quantitative meta-analysis or formal risk-of-bias assessment, given the substantial methodological heterogeneity of the available literature. By synthesizing existing in vivo and in vitro evidence, it evaluates the implant precision of r-CAIS through comparisons with conventional techniques and across different robotic systems. Furthermore, the review identifies key factors influencing accuracy-spanning patient, clinician, and system dimensions-and proposes corresponding optimization strategies. Finally, it discusses the major challenges hindering the broader clinical adoption of r-CAIS and outlines promising future directions for research and technological innovation in this field.