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Related Concept Videos

Enzymes and Activation Energy01:13

Enzymes and Activation Energy

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The activation energy (or free energy of activation), abbreviated as Ea, is the small amount of energy input necessary for all chemical reactions to occur. During chemical reactions, certain chemical bonds break, and new ones form. For example, when a glucose molecule breaks down, bonds between the molecule's carbon atoms break. Since these are energy-storing bonds, they release energy when broken. However, the molecule must be somewhat contorted to get into a state that allows the bonds to...
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Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Enzyme Kinetics

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

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Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
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Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
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Enzyme-Instructed Supramolecular Self-Assembly with Anticancer Activity.

Qingxin Yao1, Zhentao Huang1, Dongdong Liu1

  • 1CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|November 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzyme-instructed supramolecular self-assembly (EISA) offers a novel approach to cancer treatment by leveraging enzyme activity for targeted drug delivery and cancer cell destruction. This biomaterial strategy enhances therapeutic efficiency and provides a new direction for anticancer theranostics.

Keywords:
biomaterialscancercell fateenzymesself-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer is a leading cause of death, driving innovation in functional biomaterials for anticancer therapies.
  • Enzyme-instructed supramolecular self-assembly (EISA) is an emerging biomaterial strategy utilizing enzymatic transformations for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in EISA with anticancer activity.
  • To highlight the advantages of EISA in controlling cell fate and enhancing drug delivery.
  • To provide a perspective on future research directions for EISA in anticancer theranostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on enzyme-instructed supramolecular self-assembly (EISA) in cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of EISA's mechanisms for targeting cancer cells and inducing cell death.
  • Evaluation of EISA's role in spatiotemporal control of therapeutic agent distribution.

Main Results:

  • EISA utilizes abnormal enzyme activity to differentiate cancer cells from normal cells, offering a dynamic targeting mechanism.
  • EISA interacts with cellular components to disrupt biological processes, leading to cancer cell death.
  • EISA enables spatiotemporal control of therapeutic agents, improving drug delivery efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • EISA presents a promising platform for developing novel anticancer theranostics.
  • The unique targeting and therapeutic capabilities of EISA offer significant advantages over traditional methods.
  • Future research should focus on further developing EISA for enhanced cancer treatment strategies.