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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

156.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
156.4K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.8K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.8K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.0K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.0K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.1K
8.1K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.7K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.7K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K

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Manufacture of a Multi-Purpose Low-Cost Animal Bench-Model for Teaching Tracheostomy
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From bedside to bench and back: Translating ASD models.

Hayley P Drozd1, Sotirios F Karathanasis1, Andrei I Molosh2

  • 1Program in Medical Neurobiology, Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.

Progress in Brain Research
|November 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Translational research in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) bridges clinical observations and basic science. Strategies are needed to improve bench and bedside approaches for novel ASD therapies.

Keywords:
ASD treatmentAnimal modelsAutismBiomarkersTranslational medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by social interaction/communication deficits and restricted behaviors.
  • Heterogeneity in ASD necessitates improved understanding of pathophysiology and targeted therapeutic options.
  • Translational medicine aims to connect basic science ('bench') with clinical practice ('bedside') for ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review challenges and strategies in translational research for autism spectrum disorders.
  • To explore how clinical and basic science advancements can be integrated for patient benefit.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical side: Utilizing biomarkers (behavioral, genetic, imaging, serum) to understand ASD mechanisms and subclassify patients.
  • Basic science side: Developing and refining bench models to phenotypically and mechanistically recapitulate ASD.
  • Review of current progress in identifying therapeutic targets and defining meaningful clinical outcome measures.

Main Results:

  • Biomarker research is advancing ASD subclassification for targeted therapies.
  • Basic science models are improving to better reflect clinical ASD phenotypes.
  • Progress is being made in identifying novel therapeutic targets and refining outcome measures.

Conclusions:

  • Bridging the gap between bench and bedside research is crucial for advancing ASD treatment.
  • Integrated strategies are essential to improve therapeutic opportunities and patient outcomes in ASD.