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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

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DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

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Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
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Murine Corneal Transplantation: A Model to Study the Most Common Form of Solid Organ Transplantation
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Infectious Complications Following Solid Organ Transplantation.

Alexis Guenette1, Shahid Husain2

  • 1Division of Infectious Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Avenue, 11 PMB 138, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada.

Critical Care Clinics
|November 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Solid organ transplant recipients face complex infections. This review guides intensive care unit (ICU) management and therapy for these challenging patient cases.

Keywords:
Critical careInfectionsIntensive care unit (ICU)SepsisSolid organ transplant

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Solid organ transplant recipients are immunocompromised, increasing susceptibility to diverse infections.
  • Infections in this population present unique challenges due to heterogeneity and potential severity.
  • Prompt recognition and management are crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common and critical infectious syndromes in solid organ transplant recipients.
  • To provide guidance on the diagnosis and management of these infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.
  • To support clinicians in optimizing therapeutic strategies for transplant patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical syndromes and management strategies.
  • Focus on infections relevant to intensive care unit (ICU) presentations.
  • Synthesis of current evidence for therapeutic recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key infectious syndromes commonly seen in solid organ transplant recipients.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches tailored to the ICU environment.
  • Outline of evidence-based therapeutic and management principles.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of infections in solid organ transplant recipients requires a comprehensive understanding of potential syndromes.
  • Intensive care unit (ICU) interventions should be guided by specific clinical presentations and pathogen profiles.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for successful patient outcomes.