Schistosomiasis in Malaysia: A review

Area of Science:

• Neglected tropical diseases
• Parasitology
• Public health

Background:

• Schistosomiasis is a parasitic flatworm disease affecting 207 million worldwide.
• Hepatointestinal schistosomiasis is primarily caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum.
• Transmission is linked to human settlements near contaminated freshwater sources, posing risks to travelers and immigrants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the central features of schistosomiasis.
• To discuss clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments, and preventive measures.
• To describe Schistosoma malayensis and the schistosomiasis status in Malaysia from 1904 to 2015.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of schistosomiasis.
• Compilation of Malaysian schistosomiasis cases (1904-2015).

Main Results:

• Schistosomiasis affects 207 million globally, with S. mansoni and S. japonicum being major causative agents of hepatointestinal disease.
• Transmission is associated with poor sanitation and freshwater contact.
• The review details clinical features, diagnostics, treatments, and control strategies, including specific data on Schistosoma malayensis in Malaysia.

Conclusions:

• Schistosomiasis remains a significant global health concern requiring effective control measures.
• Understanding transmission dynamics and implementing preventive strategies are crucial for disease control.
• This review provides a comprehensive overview of schistosomiasis, with a focus on the Malaysian context.