Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes
Published on: November 15, 2016
Design and Realization of White Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Hybrid Devices
Julia Frohleiks1,2, Sandra Gellner1,2, Svenja Wepfer1,2
1Research Group "Solid State Lighting", NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum , University of Duisburg-Essen , Carl-Benz-Str. 199 , 47057 Duisburg , Germany.
Abstract:
The simple device architecture as well as the solution-based processing makes light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) a promising device concept for large-area flexible lighting solutions. The lack of deep-blue emitters, which are, at the same time, efficient, bright, and long-term stable, complementary to the wide variety of yellow-orange-emitting LECs, hampers the creation of white LECs. We present a hybrid device concept for the realization of white light emission by combining blue colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and an Ir-based ionic transition-metal complex (iTMC) LEC in a new type of white QD-LEC hybrid device (QLEC). By careful arrangement of the active layers, we yield light emission from both the blue QDs and the yellow iTMC emitter already at voltages below 3 V. The QLEC devices show homogeneous white light emission with high color rendering index (up to 80), luminance levels above 850 cd m-2, and a maximum external quantum efficiency greater than 0.2%.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Quantum Numbers
What is an Electrochemical Gradient?
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom
Hybrid Zones
The Dot Product
Dot Product
In engineering, the dot product of any two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It is denoted by a dot symbol between the two vectors.
Consider a vehicle pulling an object along the ground using a rope. If the rope makes an angle with the horizontal axis, the work done can be calculated using the dot product of the force applied and the object's displacement.
The dot...

