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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Formulas02:52

Chemical Formulas

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A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
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Chemical Equations03:10

Chemical Equations

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Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...
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Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

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A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
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Chemical Reactions02:26

Chemical Reactions

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A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in...
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Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula02:37

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The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.
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Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
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An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints
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Reinventing (Bio)chemical Analysis with Paper.

G Ij Salentijn1,2, M Grajewski1, E Verpoorte1

  • 1Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands.

Analytical Chemistry
|November 20, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paper is a versatile material for low-cost analytical tests, offering advantages like passive fluid movement and stable sample storage. Its potential in paper-based (bio)chemical analysis is expanding with new integrative approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Paper was historically used for filtration and chromatography.
  • Its use declined with modern chromatography but is reviving for portable analysis.
  • Renewed interest stems from demand for inexpensive, portable (bio)analytical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical perspective on paper's scientific use.
  • To review paper's characteristics for (bio)analytical applications.
  • To explore integrative approaches for paper-based analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical scientific applications of paper.
  • Assessment of paper's properties (e.g., fluid movement, sample storage).
  • Analysis of current research areas: dried blood spotting, paper microfluidics, paper spray ionization.

Main Results:

  • Paper remains a versatile substrate for low-cost analytical tests.
  • Key properties include passive fluid movement, chromatographic separation, and stable sample storage.
  • Emerging fields leverage these properties for portable (bio)analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Paper's combined characteristics offer underexploited potential in (bio)chemical analysis.
  • Integrative approaches can expand the applicability of paper-based methods.
  • Further exploration of paper's properties can lead to novel analytical dimensions.