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Primary Sjögren's syndrome.

S J Bowman1

  • 1Rheumatology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.

Lupus
|November 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune condition causing dry eyes and mouth. Differentiating pSS from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is crucial, especially when arthritis and a positive rheumatoid factor are present.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder impacting exocrine glands, leading to dry eyes and mouth.
  • Glandular symptoms resembling pSS can also manifest in patients with other rheumatic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and scleroderma, termed 'secondary' Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Key serological markers include anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies (found in ~70% of pSS patients), often with antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity and hypergammaglobulinemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic considerations for primary Sjögren's syndrome.
  • To differentiate pSS from other rheumatic conditions, particularly RA, based on clinical and serological findings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and serological features distinguishing pSS from secondary Sjögren's syndrome and RA.
Keywords:
DrynessMusculoskeletalSjögren’s syndromelymphoma

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  • Analysis of diagnostic markers such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands.
    • Anti-Ro/La antibodies and ANA positivity are common in pSS, while anti-CCP antibodies are more specific for RA.
    • A positive RF in patients with arthritis and dryness warrants consideration of pSS as an alternative diagnosis to RA.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate differentiation between pSS and RA is essential for appropriate patient management.
    • Clinical presentation (arthritis, dryness) combined with serological markers (RF, anti-CCP) aids in diagnosing pSS versus RA.
    • Understanding these distinctions improves diagnostic accuracy in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.