Green Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles Using Grape Stalk Waste Extract for the Modification of Screen-Printed Electrodes

Area of Science:

• Green Chemistry
• Nanotechnology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Environmentally friendly synthesis of nanoparticles is crucial.
• Plant-based extracts offer sustainable reducing and capping agents.
• Grape stalk waste is an abundant, underutilized biomass.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using grape stalk waste extract.
• To characterize the synthesized Ag-NPs.
• To evaluate the application of Ag-NPs in heavy metal detection.

Main Methods:

• Extraction of bioactive compounds from grape stalk waste.
• Synthesis of Ag-NPs via reduction of silver nitrate with plant extract.
• Characterization using Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray.
• Electrochemical sensing of Pb(II) and Cd(II) using modified screen-printed electrodes.

Main Results:

• Ag-NPs with an average diameter of 27.7 ± 0.6 nm were synthesized.
• The synthesis process was optimized by studying temperature, time, pH, and volume ratio.
• Modified electrodes showed good reproducibility and sensitivity for Pb(II) and Cd(II) detection.
• Achieved limits of detection around 2.7 µg L⁻¹ for both metal ions.

Conclusions:

• Grape stalk waste extract is an effective green reducing and capping agent for Ag-NP synthesis.
• Synthesized Ag-NPs are suitable for sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II).
• This method offers a sustainable approach for nanoparticle production and environmental monitoring.