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Cochlear dysfunction and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
João Soares Felício1, Lilian de Souza d'Albuquerque Silva1, Carlliane Lima E Lins Pinto Martins1
1Endocrinology Division - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Mundurucus Street, 4487, Guamá, Belém, PA Postal Code: 66073-000 Brazil.
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
|November 21, 2018
Summary
Abnormal otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in type 1 diabetes patients are linked to diabetic kidney disease and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. OAE testing may identify individuals needing closer monitoring for diabetes complications.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research
- Ophthalmology and Auditory Science
- Nephrology and Cardiology
Background:
- Sensorineural hearing impairment is linked to diabetes mellitus (DM), potentially sharing pathophysiological mechanisms with microvascular complications.
- Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) can detect subclinical cochlear dysfunction, offering a method to assess early auditory changes in diabetic patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between abnormal OAE responses and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 1 DM patients.
- To determine if OAEs can serve as an early risk marker for microvascular complications in diabetes.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 37 type 1 DM patients without auditory symptoms.
- Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) testing was performed.
- Patients were screened for DKD and CAN.
Main Results:
- 73% of patients exhibited abnormal OAE responses.
- Abnormal OAEs correlated with the presence of DKD (r=0.36, p<0.05).
- Abnormal OAEs in the 6 kHz band correlated with CAN presence (r=0.41, p=0.01) and severity (r=0.44, p<0.001).
Conclusions:
- Abnormal OAEs, particularly in high-frequency bands, are associated with microvascular complications in type 1 DM.
- OAE testing may be a valuable, albeit low-sensitivity, high-specificity risk marker for DKD and CAN.
- OAE screening could identify type 1 DM patients who would benefit from regular audiology follow-up and stricter glycemic control.
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