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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
Published on: January 28, 2020
The breathless swimmer: could this be swimming-induced pulmonary edema?
James H Hull1, Mathew G Wilson2
1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, SW3 6HP, UK. j.hull@rbht.nhs.uk.
Abstract:
Swimming-induced pulmonary edema is an infrequently encountered cause of acute respiratory distress in open-water swimmers. The condition can be challenging, with athletes often wanting answers to three main questions regarding (i) a definitive and robust diagnosis, (ii) the risk of recurrence, and (iii) what can be done to avoid recurrence. This commentary provides an overview of the best available evidence, in light of a recently published systematic review.
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