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Airway anomalies in patients with craniosynostosis

Fasil Mathews1, Amber D Shaffer2, Matthew W Georg2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

The Laryngoscope
|November 21, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Airway anomalies are common in craniosynostosis patients. Multisutural and syndromic craniosynostosis increase the risk of specific airway issues, necessitating prompt evaluation.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Pulmonology

Background:

  • Craniosynostosis, a condition involving premature fusion of skull sutures, can be associated with various craniofacial and neurological abnormalities.
  • Airway anomalies represent a significant source of morbidity in affected children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the spectrum of airway anomalies in patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis.
  • To identify clinical factors associated with the development of these airway anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of patients with craniosynostosis evaluated between 2000 and 2016.
  • Analysis of airway anomaly types and frequencies, with cohort comparisons based on syndromic status, multisutural involvement, and suture location.
  • Examination of demographic data and co-occurring neurologic and craniofacial abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Of 496 patients, common anomalies included adenotonsillar hypertrophy (13.3%), laryngomalacia (8.9%), and subglottic stenosis (7.1%).
  • Multisutural craniosynostosis was linked to higher rates of obstructive sleep apnea, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, tracheomalacia, and subglottic stenosis.
  • Syndromic craniosynostosis correlated with increased risks of obstructive sleep apnea, laryngomalacia, and subglottic stenosis.

Conclusions:

  • Airway anomalies are prevalent in craniosynostosis patients.
  • Patients with multisutural or syndromic craniosynostosis face a higher risk for specific airway abnormalities.
  • A lower threshold for airway evaluation is recommended for these high-risk patient groups.
Abstract

Keywords:
Craniosynostosisairwaycraniofacialpediatricsyndromic

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