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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Nanoparticles induce apoptosis via mediating diverse cellular pathways.

Liang Chen1, Liu-Yun Wu1, Wan-Xi Yang1

  • 1The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Nanomedicine (London, England)
|November 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanoparticles (NPs) show promise in various industries but can induce cell death (apoptosis). Understanding nanoparticle-triggered apoptotic pathways is crucial for safe nanotechnology development.

Keywords:
apoptosis pathwaysendoplasmic reticulummitochondriananoparticlesreactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in biomedicine, cosmetics, and chemical industries due to their unique properties.
  • Concerns exist regarding the biosafety of NPs, particularly their potential cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis.
  • The biocompatibility of NPs varies significantly based on their physicochemical properties (size, shape, charge, ligand) and cellular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and detail the apoptotic signal pathways triggered by nanoparticles.
  • To identify and highlight key functional molecules involved in NP-induced apoptosis.
  • To provide insights for the safe and sound development of nanotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating nanoparticle-induced apoptosis.
  • Analysis of NP physicochemical properties and their correlation with cellular responses.
  • Summary of identified NP-triggered apoptotic signaling cascades.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles can initiate apoptosis through various complex signaling pathways.
  • Specific functional molecules play critical roles in mediating NP-induced programmed cell death.
  • Physicochemical characteristics of NPs significantly influence their apoptotic potential.

Conclusions:

  • A deep understanding of NP-triggered apoptosis mechanisms is essential for assessing biosafety.
  • Identifying key molecular players can guide the design of safer nanomaterials.
  • This review offers a foundation for future research in nanomedicine and nanotoxicology.