Ethical and religious dilemmas of modern reproductive choices and the Islamic perspective

Advances in the field of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) are constantly evolving, starting from Artificial Insemination (AI) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF), to the current state of the art technologies that enable embryo biopsy for Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT). The future includes gene mapping and DNA replacement technologies with the potential for the so-called "designer babies." In other words, shortly, a modern couple may be in a position to decide how to procreate and with whom; which pregnancy to keep and which one to terminate depending on their prior knowledge about the pregnancy and the available choices. This article addresses the moral, ethical, legal and religious dilemmas as a result of these technological advances in the field of ART and how these new challenges are addressed theologically in the Islamic world where the state law is strongly influenced by religion. This article sets out to discuss relevant issues and dilemmas but does not seek to prioritize or promote any opinion or view over any other religion/sect, ethical or legal opinion or view.