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Language

Language

Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...

Components of Language

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.

Language Development

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

Group Design

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

What Speech-Language Pathologists Need to Know About Dyslexia.

Tiffany P Hogan¹

¹MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA.

Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools

|November 21, 2018

Summary

This clinical forum offers speech-language pathologists evidence-based information on dyslexia, covering its frameworks, neurobiology, legislation, identification, and instructional strategies for reading and writing.

Area of Science:

Speech-language pathology
Neuroscience
Education

Background:

This clinical forum provides a comprehensive overview of current, evidence-based knowledge on dyslexia.
It is specifically tailored for speech-language pathologists, addressing their unique role in dyslexia intervention.
The content bridges theoretical, clinical, and practical aspects of dyslexia.

Discussion:

Dyslexia is examined within the context of other language-based communication disorders.
The neurobiological underpinnings of dyslexia are explored to inform clinical practice.
Current legislation and identification practices related to dyslexia are reviewed.

Key Insights:

Speech-language pathologists require specialized knowledge for effective dyslexia assessment and intervention.

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Published on: January 3, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

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Published on: June 6, 2020

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

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Published on: May 1, 2020

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Published on: January 3, 2017

Understanding the neurobiological basis of dyslexia enhances diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.

Evidence-based instructional strategies are crucial for improving reading and writing outcomes in individuals with dyslexia.

Outlook:

Future research should continue to explore the intersection of neuroscience, genetics, and dyslexia intervention.
Continued collaboration between researchers and clinicians is essential for advancing dyslexia support.
Policy development should align with scientific evidence to ensure equitable access to effective dyslexia services.