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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Protein Engineering by Yeast Surface Display
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Cell Surface Antigen Display for Neuronal Differentiation-Specific Tracking.

Sang Chul Kim1, Eun-Hye Lee2, Ji Hea Yu3

  • 1Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.

Biomolecules & Therapeutics
|November 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new system to track neural stem cell differentiation into neurons in real time. This innovation aids in monitoring cell therapies for brain diseases.

Keywords:
DifferentiationIn vivo monitoringNeuron specificSurface antigen

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cell therapies using neural stem cells show promise for treating degenerative brain diseases.
  • Current methods lack real-time monitoring of transplanted neural stem cell differentiation into functional neurons *in vivo*.
  • A specific technology is needed to track neuronal differentiation for effective stem cell therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a novel system for specifically monitoring neuronal differentiation of transplanted neural stem cells *in vivo*.
  • To enhance the expression of a cell surface marker for improved tracking capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a system expressing a cell membrane-targeting red fluorescent protein under the *Synapsin* promoter.
  • Incorporated a partial 5' UTR sequence of *Creb* to boost the expression of the tissue-specific promoter.
  • Utilized this system to track neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells transplanted *in vivo*.

Main Results:

  • Successfully established a system for real-time monitoring of neural stem cell differentiation into neurons.
  • Demonstrated efficient expression of the cell surface marker, enabling clear visualization of differentiation.
  • Tracked functional neuronal differentiation of transplanted neural stem cells *in vivo*.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system enables specific and real-time monitoring of neuronal differentiation *in vivo*.
  • This technology can significantly improve the assessment and efficacy of neural stem cell therapies for brain diseases.
  • Facilitates better understanding and optimization of stem cell transplantation outcomes.