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Related Concept Videos

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

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In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Enthalpy of Solution02:39

Enthalpy of Solution

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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
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Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
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General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

35.8K
Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
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Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices
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Inorganic and Organic Solution-Processed Thin Film Devices.

Morteza Eslamian1,2

  • 11Photovoltaics Lab, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China.

Nano-Micro Letters
|November 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores thin film devices, highlighting their use in electronics and energy applications. It focuses on solution-processed thin films for scalable, low-cost fabrication, offering research directions.

Keywords:
Organic electronicsOrganic light-emitting diodesPhotovoltaicsSensors and actuatorsSmart materialsSolution-processed methodsThermoelectric devicesThin film transistors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Device Physics

Background:

  • Thin films and ultrathin films are integral to conventional and emerging technologies due to unique properties like high surface area and controlled nanostructures.
  • Advances in nanotechnology, functional materials, conducting polymers, molecular semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, and graphene have spurred the development of novel thin film devices.
  • These devices leverage special physical and chemical properties for applications in electronics, energy, and sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise critical review of various thin film devices.
  • To outline research directions for thin film device development.
  • To focus on devices fabricated using low-cost, scalable, and vacuum-free solution-processing methods.

Main Methods:

  • Critical literature review of existing research on thin film devices.
  • Analysis of fabrication routes, focusing on solution-based deposition techniques.
  • Identification of multidisciplinary knowledge transfer opportunities across different thin film device areas.

Main Results:

  • Thin film devices encompass a wide range, including transistors, memory, solar cells, OLEDs, thermoelectric devices, sensors, and actuators.
  • Organic, inorganic, and composite thin layers are utilized, sharing common functionalities and fabrication approaches.
  • Solution-processed thin films offer a pathway to cost-effective and scalable manufacturing.

Conclusions:

  • Thin film devices are crucial across diverse technological fields.
  • The multidisciplinary nature of thin film science allows for cross-application of advancements.
  • Solution-based fabrication is key for the future development of accessible and advanced thin film devices.