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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Computational Pipeline for Analyzing Chimeric Noncoding RNA-Target RNA Interactions in High-Throughput Sequencing Data
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Long noncoding RNA expression profiling in cancer: Challenges and opportunities.

Lucía Lorenzi1,2, Francisco Avila Cobos1,2, Anneleen Decock1,2

  • 1Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer
|November 22, 2018
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Noncoding RNAs, crucial for cell function, are linked to cancer development. Accurately profiling their expression is challenging but vital for discovering new cancer diagnostics and treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Recent advances reveal a vast noncoding RNA repertoire in the human transcriptome.
  • Noncoding RNAs play critical roles in cellular processes and are implicated in human diseases, notably cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review challenges in accurately profiling long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression.
  • To highlight the potential of cancer lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
  • To discuss future directions in lncRNA research for cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on noncoding RNA expression profiling technologies.
  • Analysis of the inherent challenges in lncRNA quantification.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking lncRNA dysregulation to cancer.

Main Results:

  • Expression profiling of noncoding RNAs faces technological and biological hurdles.
  • Cancer-associated lncRNAs present significant opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Despite challenges, lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their role in oncogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming profiling challenges is key to unlocking the full potential of noncoding RNAs in oncology.
  • Targeting lncRNAs offers a promising avenue for advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • Continued research into lncRNA expression and function is essential for future breakthroughs.