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A Chemical Approach to Optimizing Bioactive Glass Dental Composites.

S Aponso1, J G Ummadi1, H Davis2

  • 11 Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|November 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique to optimize bioactive glass (BAG) dental composites. This method significantly reduced bacterial biofilm growth on composite surfaces by controlling ion release.

Keywords:
antimicrobial surfacebiofilmcalcium ionslocal pHoral biofilmscanning electrochemical microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • The chemical microenvironment of dental composites influences bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.
  • Optimizing composite properties is key to preventing secondary caries and material degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique for designing metal ion-releasing bioactive glass (BAG) dental composites.
  • To optimize BAG particle size and concentration for maximal calcium ion release and biofilm inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized SECM with ion-selective microprobes to map Ca2+ and H+ concentrations above dental composites in artificial saliva.
  • Investigated the effect of BAG particle size (<5 to 150 µm) and volume fraction on ion release.
  • Quantified biofilm growth inhibition using SECM imaging after culturing Streptococcus mutans.

Main Results:

  • Maximal Ca2+ release was achieved with BAG particles <38 µm and a BAG volume fraction of 0.32.
  • Optimized BAG-resin composites showed significantly reduced biofilm thickness (24 ± 5 µm) compared to resin-only controls (53 ± 6 µm).
  • SECM imaging revealed lower biofilm volume on BAG-resin composites ((0.59 ± 0.38) × 10^7 µm^3) versus resin-only composites ((1.29 ± 0.53) × 10^7 µm^3).

Conclusions:

  • SECM provides a powerful analytical tool for designing bioactive dental materials based on their chemical microenvironment.
  • Optimized BAG-resin composites demonstrate enhanced antibacterial properties, reducing biofilm formation.
  • This approach facilitates the development of next-generation dental composites with improved clinical performance.