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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Terahertz (THz) Technology

    Background:

    • Conventional terahertz (THz) lenses are limited by the diffraction limit, restricting resolution in THz optical systems.
    • Optical super-oscillation offers a method to generate sub-diffraction focal spots, improving microscopic imaging resolution in the visible spectrum.
    • Demonstrations of THz lenses utilizing super-oscillation for sub-diffraction focusing remain scarce.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally demonstrate a planar lens capable of far-field sub-diffraction focusing in the terahertz range.
    • To overcome the resolution limitations of conventional THz lenses through super-oscillation principles.
    • To investigate the potential of super-oscillation for creating sub-diffraction focal spots (hotspots or needles) in THz imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and fabrication of a planar lens composed of a sub-wavelength concentric ring structure array.
    • Utilizing silicon-etching processes for precise lens fabrication.
    • Experimental characterization of the lens's focusing capabilities at a wavelength of 118.8 μm.

    Main Results:

    • The fabricated planar lens successfully generated a sub-diffraction optical needle with a length of 19.7λ along the optic axis.
    • The smallest achieved focal spot exhibited a transverse size of 1.212λ, which is below the diffraction limit of 1.476λ.
    • The lens demonstrated effective sub-diffraction focusing, surpassing the capabilities of traditional THz lenses.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed sub-diffraction optical needle planar lens is a viable alternative to conventional THz lenses.
    • This technology holds significant potential for advancing super-resolution tomography THz imaging systems.
    • The successful demonstration paves the way for next-generation THz imaging with enhanced resolution.