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    Researchers developed a modified photon sieve by dividing a Fresnel zone plate into regions with different periods and replacing clear zones with pinholes. This technique allows for larger diameters and controllable multifocal properties, verified by simulations and experiments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Diffractive Optics
    • Nanofabrication

    Background:

    • Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) are essential optical elements for focusing light.
    • Fabrication limitations, particularly feature size, restrict the scalability of traditional FZPs.
    • Controlling the focal properties of diffractive optical elements is crucial for advanced applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel diffractive optical element, the modified photon sieve (MPS).
    • To demonstrate the MPS's ability to overcome fabrication constraints of traditional FZPs.
    • To show how MPS can be engineered for unifocal, bifocal, or multifocal focusing.

    Main Methods:

    • Dividing a Fresnel zone plate into regions with varying periods in the s=r^2 coordinate.
    • Replacing clear zones with a specific distribution of pinholes to form the MPS.
    • Systematically varying the number of zones within each region to control focal properties.

    Main Results:

    • The modified photon sieve allows for increased diameter without feature size limitations.
    • The number of zones per region directly influences the number and properties of generated foci.
    • Successfully fabricated and characterized unifocal, bifocal, and trifocal MPS elements.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified photon sieve is a versatile diffractive optical element with scalable fabrication.
    • MPS offers precise control over focal characteristics, enabling tunable multifocal behavior.
    • The developed technique provides a pathway for creating advanced optical elements for diverse applications.