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Jasmina Wiemann1, Tzu-Ruei Yang2, Mark A Norell3

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This summary is machine-generated.

Modern birds inherited egg color from nonavian theropod dinosaurs, not evolving it independently. This ancient trait, found in fossilized dinosaur eggs, reveals complex reproductive behaviors predating modern birds.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Birds are the only living amniotes with colored eggs, long considered an avian innovation.
  • Recent findings revealed pigments responsible for avian egg color in a nonavian dinosaur eggshell.
  • This raises questions about the evolutionary origin of egg coloration: inherited or independently evolved?

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a phylogenetic assessment of egg color in nonavian dinosaurs.
  • To determine if egg coloration is an inherited trait from nonavian dinosaurs or evolved independently in birds.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution Raman microspectroscopy was applied to fossilized eggshells from major dinosaur clades.
  • Pigment presence and distribution were analyzed using spectroscopy and surface mapping.
  • Depth profiling was used to examine pigment deposition mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Egg color pigments were preserved in all eumaniraptoran dinosaur eggshells analyzed.
  • Egg coloration originated once in nonavian theropod dinosaurs, with no evidence in ornithischian and sauropod eggs.
  • Nonavian eumaniraptoran eggs exhibited spotted and speckled patterns, similar to extant birds, indicating complex reproductive behaviors.
  • Pigment deposition mechanisms in nonavian and avian dinosaur eggs were identical.

Conclusions:

  • Egg coloration is not an avian innovation but an ancient trait evolved deep within theropod dinosaurs.
  • Modern birds inherited egg color from their nonavian dinosaur ancestors.
  • The findings suggest more complex reproductive strategies in nonavian dinosaurs than previously understood.