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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Atomic Structure01:33

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Atomic Structure01:17

Atomic Structure

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The Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles called atomos, Greek for "indivisible," from which the modern term "atom" is derived. In the 19th century, John Dalton proposed the atomic theory that is still largely correct today. He put forth five postulates to explain how atoms made up the world around us. (1) All matter is composed of infinitely small particles or atoms. (2) All atoms of a given element are identical to one...
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms

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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Atomically Well-Ordered Structure at Solid Electrolyte and Electrode Interface Reduces the Interfacial Resistance.

Susumu Shiraki1,2, Tetsuroh Shirasawa3,4, Tohru Suzuki2

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry , Nippon Institute of Technology , Saitama 345-8501 , Japan.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Interface structure critically impacts solid-state battery performance. A well-ordered lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) electrode surface in lithium phosphate (Li3PO4) solid electrolytes reduces interface resistance, enhancing ion migration.

Keywords:
Li3PO4LiCoO2X-ray crystal truncation rod scatteringall-solid-state batteryinterface resistancesolid-electrolyte/electrode interfacethin film

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Solid-state batteries offer enhanced safety and energy density compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries.
  • The interface between solid electrolytes and electrodes is a critical factor limiting battery performance, particularly ionic conductivity.
  • Understanding atomic-level interface structures is crucial for designing high-performance solid-state batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the atomic structures at the interfaces of solid electrolytes (Li3PO4) and electrodes (LiCoO2).
  • To correlate interface atomic arrangement with interface resistance in solid-state battery components.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of ion migration influencing interface resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Synchrotron surface X-ray diffraction was employed to probe the atomic structures at the solid electrolyte-electrode interfaces.
  • Two types of interfaces, exhibiting high and low electrical resistance, were prepared and analyzed.
  • Atomic arrangements at the electrode surface and within the interface region were characterized.

Main Results:

  • A low-resistance interface was characterized by a flat and well-ordered atomic arrangement at the LiCoO2 electrode surface.
  • A high-resistance interface exhibited a disordered atomic structure.
  • Lithium ion migration along the interface and into grain/antiphase boundaries was identified as key to reducing interface resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The crystallinity and atomic order of the LiCoO2 electrode surface significantly influence interface resistance.
  • Optimizing interface structure and promoting Li-ion migration pathways are critical for developing low-resistance solid-state batteries.
  • Surface science techniques like X-ray diffraction provide essential insights into interfacial phenomena in energy storage devices.