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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
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Introduction:
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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Related Experiment Video

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Porcine Model of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
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A Targeting Nanotherapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.

Juan Cheng1, Runjun Zhang2, Chenwen Li1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|November 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel nanotherapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treatment. This reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticle effectively targets and treats AAA in rats, showing promise for future vascular disease therapies.

Keywords:
aneurysminflammationnanotherapyreactive oxygen speciestargeting

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanomedicine
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) poses a significant health risk, particularly to the elderly, with no current drugs effectively preventing its growth or rupture.
  • Existing treatments for AAA lack pharmacological interventions to manage disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a nanotherapy capable of targeting aneurysms and releasing therapeutic agents in response to the specific inflammatory conditions within the aneurysm.
  • To develop a drug-eluting nanoparticle system for localized treatment of AAA.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a nanoparticle system loaded with rapamycin, engineered to be responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • Incorporation of a peptide ligand (cRGDfK) and macrophage cell membrane biomimetic cloaking to enhance targeting specificity.
  • In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the nanotherapy's efficacy in inhibiting calcification, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing aneurysm expansion in a rat model.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized rapamycin-loaded, ROS-responsive nanoparticles (190 nm mean diameter) that release drugs upon ROS detection.
  • Demonstrated significant inhibition of calcification and attenuation of ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in AAA-associated cells.
  • In vivo studies showed superior efficacy of the responsive nanotherapy in preventing aneurysm expansion in AAA rats compared to non-responsive controls, with enhanced targeting and therapeutic effects after surface modification.
  • Preliminary safety assessments indicated a favorable safety profile for the developed nanotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • The multifunctional nanotherapy represents a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for abdominal aortic aneurysms.
  • The design principles are adaptable for developing nanomedicines targeting other vascular diseases.
  • Further investigation is warranted to explore its clinical potential for aneurysm treatment.