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Related Concept Videos

Power01:08

Power

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The concept of work involves force and displacement; meanwhile, the work-energy theorem relates the net work done on a body to the difference in its kinetic energy, calculated between two points on its trajectory. While none of these quantities or relations involves time explicitly, we know that the time available to accomplish work is often just as important as the amount of work itself. For example, sprinters in a race may have achieved the same velocity at the finish, therefore,...
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Instantaneous Power01:22

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Instantaneous power is important in electrical circuits, mainly when dealing with sinusoidal input. Instantaneous power, denoted as p(t), results from the multiplication of the instantaneous voltage (v(t)) across an element and the instantaneous current (i(t)) flowing through it. This relationship adheres to the passive sign convention and represents a fundamental principle in electrical engineering.
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Complex Power01:14

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Power engineers have introduced the concept of complex power to determine the cumulative effect of parallel loads. This idea plays a crucial role in power analysis because it encompasses all the details related to the power consumed by a specific load.
Complex power is defined as the multiplication of the voltage and the complex conjugate of the current. The magnitude of this power, known as apparent power, is measured in volt-amperes (VA). Notably, the angle of the complex power equates to the...
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Electrical Power01:07

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Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
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Sums of Power01:22

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In definite integration, Riemann sums approximate the area under a curve by dividing it into subintervals and summing the areas of rectangles. When these approximations follow predictable numerical patterns, such as arithmetic or polynomial sequences, sum formulas offer a more efficient and accurate way to compute the result. In particular, the sum of consecutive integers, squares, and cubes plays an essential role in simplifying these calculations, especially when dealing with uniform...
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Nuclear Power

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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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Vortex rectenna powered by environmental fluctuations.

J Lustikova1, Y Shiomi1,2, N Yokoi1

  • 1Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.

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Researchers developed a novel superconductor device that generates electricity from environmental fluctuations without atomic asymmetry. This "vortex rectenna" acts as a rectifier, enabling wireless power transmission and energy harvesting applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Rectennas (rectifying antennas) convert electromagnetic waves to DC electricity.
  • Existing rectennas require atomic asymmetry for rectification.
  • Applications include wireless power transmission and energy harvesting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a material that rectifies environmental fluctuations without atomic asymmetry.
  • To demonstrate a new mechanism for spontaneous electricity generation.
  • To explore applications in wireless power and energy harvesting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a common superconductor without inherent crystalline asymmetry.
  • Introduced an asymmetric magnetic environment to induce rectification.
  • Investigated the role of superconducting vortex dynamics at surfaces.

Main Results:

  • The superconductor spontaneously generated electricity when placed in an asymmetric magnetic field.
  • Demonstrated a "vortex rectenna" effect due to surface vortex nucleation/annihilation.
  • Rectification and electricity generation were switchable with temperature and magnetic fields.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method for generating electricity from environmental fluctuations using superconductors has been developed.
  • This approach bypasses the need for atomic asymmetry, offering a new paradigm for rectenna technology.
  • The vortex rectenna shows potential for efficient wireless power transmission and energy harvesting.