Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

50.1K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
50.1K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

57.3K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
57.3K
Key Techniques in Microbiology01:19

Key Techniques in Microbiology

2.4K
Aseptic techniques prevent contamination, ensure experimental accuracy, and protect researchers and microbial cultures. These techniques are essential in clinical, industrial, and research settings where sterility is required.Maintaining Sterility in Laboratory PracticesScientists maintain sterility by sterilizing tools with heat or chemicals, disinfecting work surfaces, and handling cultures in controlled environments. Working near an open flame or within a laminar flow hood reduces the risk...
2.4K
Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

24.3K
Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
24.3K
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

59.5K
Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
59.5K
Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution01:25

Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution

7.4K
The volume of distribution refers to the theoretical volume necessary to contain the entire amount of an administered drug at the same concentration observed in the blood plasma. The body's intracellular fluid compartment, which makes up two-thirds of the total body water, is contrasted with the extracellular fluid compartment—comprising plasma and interstitial fluid—that accounts for one-third. The volume of distribution can vary depending on the characteristics of the drug.
7.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temporal limitations and digital data processing in continuous variable measurements of non-Gaussian states.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Decoy state-based time synchronization.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Tryptophan degradation by intestinal Bacteroides induces anti-tumor immunity and limits melanoma growth.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

ADGRF4 and ADGRL4 as novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic implications in stomach adenocarcinoma.

BMC gastroenterology·2026
Same author

A searchable metadata network graph for microbiome metabolomics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Multi-Site Organoboron Catalysts Enable Sequence-Regulated Terpolymerization of Epoxides, CO<sub>2</sub>, and β-Propiolactone via Intermolecular Chain Shuttling.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
09:48

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Published on: November 7, 2016

12.4K

Secure Quantum Key Distribution over 421 km of Optical Fiber.

Alberto Boaron1, Gianluca Boso1, Davide Rusca1

  • 1Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, Chemin de Pinchat 22, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|November 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a quantum key distribution system achieving high security and long distances. This system uses a three-state time-bin protocol and superconducting detectors to distribute secret keys over 400 km.

More Related Videos

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.0K
Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water
08:06

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

Published on: November 8, 2018

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
09:48

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Published on: November 7, 2016

12.4K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.0K
Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water
08:06

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

Published on: November 8, 2018

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Cryptography
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security against computational adversaries.
  • Existing QKD systems face limitations in distance and key generation rates due to photon loss and detector inefficiencies.
  • Time-bin protocols are robust against noise but require precise timing and efficient single-photon detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the performance of quantum key distribution systems in terms of distance and secret key rate.
  • To implement and evaluate a three-state time-bin quantum key distribution protocol combined with a one-decoy approach.
  • To leverage advanced hardware, including superconducting single-photon detectors and ultralow-loss fiber, for improved QKD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a three-state time-bin protocol for quantum key distribution.
  • Incorporated a one-decoy state strategy to enhance security and key rates.
  • Employed superconducting single-photon detectors optimized for QKD applications.
  • Used ultralow-loss optical fiber for signal transmission.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a quantum key distribution system with a 2.5 GHz repetition rate.
  • Demonstrated secure key distribution over a maximum distance of 421 km.
  • Obtained secret key rates of 6.5 bits per second (bps) over a distance of 405 km.
  • Showcased the effectiveness of superconducting detectors and ultralow-loss fiber in extending QKD reach.

Conclusions:

  • The developed quantum key distribution system significantly advances the state-of-the-art in secure communication.
  • The combination of a three-state time-bin protocol, decoy states, and advanced hardware enables long-distance, high-rate key distribution.
  • This work paves the way for practical, long-range quantum-secured networks.