Fabrication and Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) by Using Phosphor and TiO₂ Photoelectrode

In this work, to explore the influence of phosphor additives on the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSC), we introduce a Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (YAG:Ce³⁺) phosphor layer. The YAG:Ce³⁺ nanophosphor acts as a light down-converting material to absorb high energy photons and emit lower energy photons that match well with the absorption of the perovskite layer, yielding more excited photo-generated electron-hole pairs. Therefore, the incident solar light can be harvested more effectively. We used 8 mg/ml of TiO₂ mixed with YAG:Ce³⁺ in the PSCs and realized a light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 13.34%, a short circuit current density of 21.23 mA/cm², an open circuit voltage of 0.97 V, and a FF of 55.96%. Higher efficiencies were achieved for PSCs with phosphor-mixed TiO₂ than for cells with pure TiO₂ nanoparticles. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-vis, PL, and IV-curves. Photoelectrode DSSC with light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency was achieved under a simulated solar light irradiation of 100 mW/cm² (AM 1.5).