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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Sensing Technologies
    • Optical Fiber Communications
    • Distributed Sensing Systems

    Background:

    • Long-range fiber optic sensing is crucial for infrastructure monitoring.
    • Existing systems face limitations in distance and multiplexing capability.
    • Interferometric sensors offer high sensitivity but are challenged by range.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To achieve the longest interrogation distance in fiber optic sensing to date.
    • To demonstrate coherence multiplexing for ultra-long range fiber optic sensing.
    • To overcome limitations in distance and multiplexing for remote sensing applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Employing a double-pumped random distributed feedback fiber laser as the light source.
    • Utilizing a fiber optic low-coherence interferometry scheme.
    • Implementing coherence multiplexing for simultaneous sensor interrogation.

    Main Results:

    • Successful interrogation of an interferometric sensor at a distance of 290 km.
    • Demonstrated coherence multiplexing capability for measurements up to 270 km.
    • Proved the absence of crosstalk between multiplexed sensors over ultra-long distances.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed system establishes a new record for fiber optic sensing distance.
    • Coherence multiplexing combined with a random distributed feedback fiber laser enhances long-range sensing capabilities.
    • This approach effectively addresses key challenges in extending the reach and multiplexing capacity of fiber optic sensor networks.