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Related Concept Videos

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
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Pituitary Disorders in Pregnancy.

Whitney W Woodmansee1

  • 1Neuroendocrine/Pituitary Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Room H2, PO Box 100226, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|November 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy alters pituitary function and gland size, complicating diagnosis of pituitary dysfunction. Most pituitary tumors do not grow aggressively during pregnancy, allowing for conservative management until delivery.

Keywords:
HypophysitisHypopituitarismPituitary adenomaPregnancySheehan syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pregnancy induces physiological changes in the pituitary gland, including hormonal alterations and enlargement.
  • Diagnosing pituitary dysfunction during pregnancy is complex due to these natural hormonal shifts.
  • Increasingly, women with pre-existing pituitary disorders are conceiving and require specialized care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic challenges and management strategies for pituitary disorders in pregnant patients.
  • To highlight the importance of hormonal optimization and monitoring during pregnancy.
  • To discuss the safety and efficacy of conservative management versus medical therapy for pituitary tumors in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies focusing on pituitary disorders during pregnancy.
  • Analysis of hormonal changes and pituitary gland size alterations in pregnant individuals.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes for pregnant patients with pituitary disorders under conservative and active management.

Main Results:

  • Pituitary gland enlargement and hormonal fluctuations are common during pregnancy.
  • Most pituitary tumors exhibit slow or no growth during gestation.
  • Conservative management is effective for the majority of pregnant patients with pituitary disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Careful hormonal monitoring and conservative management are key for pregnant patients with pituitary disorders.
  • Medical therapy for pituitary tumors is typically withheld during pregnancy unless significant tumor growth occurs.
  • Delivery allows for reassessment and potential reinitiation of medical therapy if needed.