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Introduction to Epidemiology

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Epidemiology, known as the cornerstone of public health, involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in defined populations and applying these insights to control health issues. This is essential for understanding how diseases spread, identifying populations at greater risk, and implementing measures to control or prevent outbreaks. Epidemiology addresses not only infectious diseases but also non-communicable conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease,...

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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

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Epidemiology and Molecular Epidemiology.

Luc Bauchet¹, Quinn T Ostrom²

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Medical Center, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1051, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

|November 25, 2018

Summary

Diffuse gliomas, including astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, show varied incidence and survival rates. Allergies, radiation, and genetics are key risk factors, with more research needed on gene-environment interactions in brain tumor development.

Keywords:

Diffuse glioma Epidemiology Incidence Low-grade glioma Population-based Survival

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Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Epidemiology
Genetics

Background:

Diffuse low-grade and anaplastic gliomas (grades II and III astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas) exhibit variable incidence, prevalence, and survival.
Factors influencing glioma outcomes include histology, age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current knowledge on glioma risk factors.
To highlight areas for future research in brain tumor development.

Main Methods:

Review of epidemiologic studies on glioma risk factors.
Analysis of identified risk factors including allergies, ionizing radiation, and genetic predispositions.

Main Results:

Allergies/atopic disease, ionizing radiation, and heritable genetic factors are established glioma risk factors.
Variations in glioma incidence and survival are linked to patient demographics and tumor histology.

Conclusions:

Further research using large-scale epidemiologic data and "omic" datasets is crucial.
Understanding gene-environment interactions is key to advancing brain tumor development insights.