Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

1.2K
Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
1.2K
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

49.2K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
49.2K
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

80.2K
Overview
80.2K
Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

906
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
906
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

7.3K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
7.3K
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

4.8K
In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Viral Pleomorphism: How Virion Structure Guides Infection and Adaptation.

Annual review of virology·2026
Same author

Late-Stage <i>N</i>-Adamantylation of Pyridines.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Semirandom DNA adducts regulate a filamentous defense-associated reverse transcriptase.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2026
Same author

Influenza A virus membrane fusion is regulated by the balance between receptor binding and cleavage.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Proteome Analysis of Soybean Root Apoplast Combined With AlphaFold Prediction Reveals Macrophomina Phaseolina Infection Strategies and Potential Targets for Engineering Resistance.

Plant, cell & environment·2025
Same author

Engineered yeast provides rare but essential pollen sterols for honeybees.

Nature·2025
Same journal

RDO3 REPRESSOR 27, a new MED25 allele, regulates seed dormancy dependent on DOG1 and ABA pathways in Arabidopsis.

Planta·2026
Same journal

Development of subtropically-adapted indeterminate gametophyte1 (ig1) gene-based paternal haploid inducer lines in maize through molecular breeding.

Planta·2026
Same journal

Comparative plastome analysis reveals structural variation, selection, and phylogenetic relationships in Verbascum species.

Planta·2026
Same journal

Comparative chloroplast genomics of Verbenaceae: structural divergence, adaptive evolution, and phylogenomic insights.

Planta·2026
Same journal

Lunaria annua as a next-generation oilseed: a multidisciplinary review of its biochemical, genetic, and industrial potential.

Planta·2026
Same journal

Oxalic acid-driven redox reprogramming modulates NPR1-mediated defense and disease progression in Brassica-Sclerotinia interactions.

Planta·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Efficient Polyethylene Glycol PEG Mediated Transformation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens
04:54

Efficient Polyethylene Glycol PEG Mediated Transformation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens

Published on: April 19, 2011

41.5K

Engineering modular diterpene biosynthetic pathways in Physcomitrella patens.

Aparajita Banerjee1,2, Jonathan A Arnesen1, Daniel Moser1,3

  • 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.

Planta
|November 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We engineered the moss Physcomitrella patens to produce modern plant diterpenoids by assembling and expressing diterpene synthase genes. This demonstrates the moss

Keywords:
DiterpenoidsHomologous recombinationNeutral locusPhotosynthetic productionRetrotransposonSynthetic biology

More Related Videos

Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model
09:57

Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model

Published on: April 1, 2019

7.7K
From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes T&#252;6028
09:08

From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes Tü6028

Published on: January 13, 2017

17.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Efficient Polyethylene Glycol PEG Mediated Transformation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens
04:54

Efficient Polyethylene Glycol PEG Mediated Transformation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens

Published on: April 19, 2011

41.5K
Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model
09:57

Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model

Published on: April 1, 2019

7.7K
From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes T&#252;6028
09:08

From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes Tü6028

Published on: January 13, 2017

17.8K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Physcomitrella patens (P. patens) is an ancient bryophyte with advanced genome editing capabilities.
  • P. patens lacks endogenous diterpenoids, making it a suitable chassis for metabolic engineering.
  • Previous work established P. patens for recombinant peptide production and genome editing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer P. patens for the production of industrially relevant diterpenoids.
  • To mimic modular diterpene biosynthetic pathways from modern land plants.
  • To evaluate heterologous gene expression strategies in P. patens.

Main Methods:

  • Modular assembly and heterologous expression of class II and class I diterpene synthases in P. patens.
  • Utilized a neutral locus and retrotransposon loci for targeted DNA integration.
  • Analyzed diterpenoid accumulation using established analytical methods.

Main Results:

  • Successful accumulation of diterpenoids in P. patens engineered with heterologous diterpene synthases.
  • Diterpenoid profiles from the neutral locus matched those reported in angiosperm sources.
  • Retrotransposon loci showed potential for targeting but presented integration challenges.

Conclusions:

  • P. patens can be engineered to produce modern land plant diterpenoids.
  • This study establishes a flexible pipeline for diterpenoid production in P. patens.
  • Further optimization may be needed for utilizing retrotransposon loci for metabolic engineering.