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Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Laminar Flow: Problem Solving01:24

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Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower...
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Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls01:20

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Typically, a cavity wall consists of two wythes separated by a gap of at least 2 inches, which may contain insulation while still maintaining a minimum clear space of 1 inch to facilitate adequate drainage. Advanced methods like the insertion of a continuous drainage mat can further reduce this space while ensuring effective moisture expulsion.
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
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Laminar drainage implant.

Sergio Jacobovitz1, José Aloísio Massote1, Sebastião Cronemberger1

  • 1Hospital Sao Geraldo, HC-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

European Journal of Ophthalmology
|November 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows a new surgical technique is safe and effective for reducing pain and intraocular pressure in blind eyes with glaucoma. The laminar drainage implant surgery improved patient outcomes without major complications.

Keywords:
Glaucomablindnessglaucoma drainage deviceglaucoma implantglaucoma surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Painful blind eyes often result from end-stage glaucoma.
  • Managing ocular pain and elevated intraocular pressure in these cases presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel laminar drainage implant surgery.
  • To assess the impact of this technique on intraocular pressure and ocular pain in patients with end-stage glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective safety study involving 15 patients with end-stage glaucomatous eyes.
  • Surgical implantation of a laminar drainage device.
  • Postoperative assessment included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, pain evaluation, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Main Results:

  • The laminar drainage implant surgery was successfully performed in all participants without major complications.
  • Significant reduction in mean intraocular pressure (from 54.5 to 37.0 mmHg) was observed at 24 months post-surgery.
  • Ocular pain intensity decreased from a preoperative score of 10 to 0 at follow-up, and corneal edema incidence reduced significantly.

Conclusions:

  • The novel laminar drainage implant surgery is a feasible and safe option for managing painful blind eyes.
  • This surgical technique effectively reduces intraocular pressure and alleviates ocular pain in end-stage glaucoma.