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Quantitative analysis of intraocular pressure and clinical-morphometric characteristics in Peters' anomaly: a
Sebastião Cronemberger1, Artur W Veloso1, Maria Valeria C Pereira1
1Glaucoma Service Professor Nassim Calixto, Hospital São Geraldo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Insights
Peters' anomaly (PA) in children often shows normal corneal diameter and axial length, but glaucoma risk increases after six months of age. Continuous monitoring is crucial for early detection and management in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Ophthalmology
- Genetics
Background:
- Peters' anomaly (PA) is a congenital corneal defect impacting vision.
- Understanding associated ocular conditions like glaucoma is vital for pediatric eye care.
- Morphometric and intraocular pressure (IOP) data in PA are not well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively analyze intraocular pressure (IOP) in children with Peters' anomaly (PA).
- To correlate IOP with clinical and morphometric findings in PA.
- To assess glaucoma prevalence and risk factors in a pediatric PA cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 46 children diagnosed with PA.
- Comparison of horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) and axial length (AL) with age-specific normative data.
- Glaucoma diagnosis based on IOP, HCD, or AL, with clinical classification into PA subtypes.
Main Results:
- Glaucoma was diagnosed in 48.3% of PA patients.
- Glaucoma prevalence was significantly higher in children older than 6 months (53.6%) versus those 0-6 months (26.7%).
- Horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) and axial length (AL) often remained within normal limits.
Conclusions:
- Horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) and axial length (AL) in Peters' anomaly (PA) may not deviate significantly from normal, suggesting unique corneal biomechanics.
- Glaucoma in PA frequently manifests after 6 months of age, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring.
- Early and continuous ophthalmological evaluation is essential for managing PA and associated glaucoma.
Purpose:
To quantitatively analyze intraocular pressure (IOP) alongside clinical and morphometric findings in a cohort of children with Peters' anomaly (PA).
Methods:
This single-center retrospective study included a series of 46 children with PA. Glaucoma diagnosis in a subset was based on abnormal values of IOP, horizontal corneal diameter (HCD), or axial length (AL), individually or combined, compared to pediatric controls utilizing age-specific normative data. Patients were clinically classified into Peters I, II, III, and Peters-plus syndrome. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was performed in 10 children.
Results:
The cohort of 46 children comprised 27 males and 19 females. All presented with central discoid corneal opacities; 33 cases were bilateral, 13 unilateral. Clinical classifications included 26 Peters I, 10 Peters II, 7 Peters III, and 3 Peters-plus syndrome. In the 29 children analyzed for biometrics, the median age at diagnosis was 7 months (IQR: 1.00-21.00). Median AL was 20.84 mm (IQR: 19.36-22.47 mm) for OD and 20.19 mm (IQR: 18.67-24.05 mm) for OS. Median HCD was 11.5 mm (IQR: 10.50-12.50 mm) for OD and 11.5 mm (IQR: 10.50-13.00 mm) for OS. Glaucoma was diagnosed in 14 patients (48.3%). A significant increase in glaucoma prevalence was observed in children >6 months old (53.6%) compared to those 0-6 months old (26.7%) (p = 0.03).
Conclusion:
HCD and AL in PA often remain within normal limits, suggesting unique corneal biomechanics. Glaucoma in PA frequently manifests after 6 months of age, necessitating continuous monitoring.
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