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Related Concept Videos

Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Overview
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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
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When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.
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Stress-induced Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing on a Chip
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Nanoliter-Sized Microchamber/Microarray Microfluidic Platform for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing.

Morteza Azizi1, Meisam Zaferani1, Belgin Dogan2

  • 1Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|November 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a rapid microfluidic platform for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). The nanoliter-sized microchamber/microarray-based microfluidic (N-3M) system delivers results in 1-3 hours, aiding clinical antibiotic prescription.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant clinical challenge, necessitating effective antibiotic prescription.
  • Conventional antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods are time-consuming, often taking 18-24 hours.
  • Rapid AST is crucial for timely and appropriate treatment of bacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel microfluidic platform for rapid AST.
  • To reduce the assay time for determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics.
  • To assess the platform's performance with clinically relevant bacterial isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a nanoliter-sized microchamber/microarray-based microfluidic (N-3M) platform.
  • Loaded bacterial suspensions with and without antibiotics into nanoliter chambers.
  • Measured changes in fluorescent intensity from resazurin reduction, correlating with bacterial growth.

Main Results:

  • The N-3M platform demonstrated reproducibility, functionality, and efficiency.
  • Successfully tested diverse wild-type clinical bacterial isolates, including *Escherichia coli*, *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, and *Enterococcus faecalis*.
  • Achieved a rapid time-to-result for AST, ranging from approximately 1-3 hours, dependent on bacterial species growth rates.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed N-3M platform offers a robust and easy-to-implement solution for microbial AST.
  • The short time-to-result makes it highly applicable for clinical settings.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly improve antibiotic prescription strategies in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance.