Development of a pediatric asthma predictive index for hospitalization

Variation in emergency department (ED) management for asthma exacerbation leads to disparities in care. Current asthma severity scores are insufficient to be used for hospitalization decisions.

To develop and internally validate an asthma predictive index for hospitalization (APIH) to guide practitioners in their admission decision for children with asthma exacerbations.

Data were collected from 12,066 children between 5 and 18 years old diagnosed with asthma exacerbation in the ED. Epidemiologic findings, number of inhaled corticosteroid canisters, short-acting β-blocker canisters, oral steroids, coexisting atopy, family history of atopy, insurance, and prior asthma ED visits or hospitalizations were compared between patients hospitalized and discharged. We used univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to determine the best predictor variables for hospitalization. Our study internally validated the prediction index to estimate future performance of the prediction rule.

The highest risk factors associated with asthma hospitalization from the ED are oxygen saturation less than 94%, respiratory rate greater than 31/min, history of pneumonia, and asthma ED visits in past 12 months. With a reduced predictive model that combined these risk factors, the odds ratio was 44.9 (95% CI, 32.8-61.4), which is extremely significant. Our C index of discrimination of 0.77 was similar to the validation C index of 0.78, which confirms a solid prediction model.

We have developed and internally validated a pediatric hospitalization prediction index for acute asthma exacerbation in the ED. Further studies are needed to externally validate the APIH before its implementation into clinical practice.