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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
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Hyponatremia in ICU.

Kanchana S Pillai1, Trupti H Trivedi2, Nivedita D Moulick3

  • 1Senior Resident.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|November 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hyponatremia, a common hospital issue, is often caused by SIADH in ICU patients. Inadequate sodium correction increases mortality, while overcorrection risks complications.

Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Hyponatremia, serum sodium <135 meq/L, is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospital admissions, particularly in ICUs.
  • Patient outcomes are influenced by various factors, necessitating analysis of etiology, clinical features, comorbidities, and treatment impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine the proportion of hyponatremic patients admitted to the ICU.
  • Investigate the causes and clinical presentations of hyponatremia in ICU admissions.
  • Analyze factors affecting outcomes in hyponatremic ICU patients.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional observational study of 18 months in a tertiary care hospital.
  • Screened general medicine admissions for hyponatremia requiring ICU care.

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  • Monitored serum/urine electrolytes, fluid administration, and sodium correction rates; outcomes included mortality and ICU stay.

    • Main Results:

    • Hyponatremia affected 5.2% of admissions; SIADH was the most common cause (32%).
    • Nausea (69.3%) and malaise (80%) were frequent symptoms. Mortality was 34.6% in hyponatremic ICU patients.
    • Lower GCS and serum sodium correlated with reduced survival; comorbidities increased ICU stay.

    Conclusions:

    • SIADH is the primary cause of hyponatremia in ICU patients.
    • Inadequate sodium correction (<5 meq/day) is linked to increased mortality.
    • Overcorrection carries risks of EPM without survival benefit; comorbidities prolong ICU stay.