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Related Concept Videos

Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Structures of Solids02:22

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Zener diodes are specialized semiconductor devices designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region, where they allow current to flow into the cathode, making it positive relative to the anode. This reverse operation distinguishes Zener diodes from conventional diodes and enables their use in various applications, most notably as voltage regulators. One of the defining characteristics of Zener diodes is their nearly vertical I-V (current-voltage) characteristic curve above a certain...
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes
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Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

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Solid-State Carbon Dots with Efficient Cyan Emission towards White Light-Emitting Diodes.

Deyin Wang1, Waheed U Khan1, Yuhua Wang1

  • 1State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Light-conversion Materials and Technology, Key Laboratory for Special Function Materials and Structural Design of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|November 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Solid carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized for efficient cyan emission. These CDs were used to create warm white LEDs with high color rendering and luminescence efficiency.

Keywords:
carbon-based nanomaterialsluminescencephotoluminescencesolid carbon dotswhite LEDs

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Carbon dots (CDs) are promising nanomaterials for optoelectronic applications.
  • Developing efficient solid-state emitters is crucial for advanced lighting technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize efficient cyan-emitting solid carbon dots (CDs).
  • To investigate the photoluminescence properties of solid CDs.
  • To fabricate and characterize white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using these solid CDs.

Main Methods:

  • One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of solid carbon dots (CDs).
  • Photoluminescence spectroscopy to characterize emission and excitation spectra.
  • Fabrication of white LEDs by combining solid CDs, CaAlSiN3:Eu2+, and silicon resin on a near-ultraviolet LED chip.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized solid CDs exhibit broad absorption (270-460 nm) and intense cyan emission (~500 nm) with 34.1% quantum efficiency.
  • Solid CDs show a 50 nm red-shift in emission compared to aqueous solutions due to aggregation and energy transfer.
  • Fabricated white LEDs produced warm white light (4340 K, CRI 86.1) with 31.3 lm/W efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The one-pot hydrothermal method yields efficient cyan-emitting solid CDs.
  • Aggregation-induced effects in solid CDs influence their photoluminescence properties.
  • The developed solid CDs are suitable for fabricating high-performance white LEDs.