Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Molecular Biology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Prolonged gastric hypochlorhydria can alter duodenal physiology.
• Dysbiosis may contribute to gastrointestinal inflammation.
• Specific genes like Tlr2, Muc2, and Defa are crucial for mucosal defense.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the expression of Tlr2, Muc2, and Defa genes in the rat duodenum.
• To assess the impact of long-term gastric hypochlorhydria on these genes and lipid peroxidation.
• To evaluate the corrective effects of multiprobiotic treatment.

Main Methods:

• Gene expression analysis (mRNA patterns) of Tlr2, Muc2, and Defa.
• Assessment of lipid peroxidation products in duodenal tissues.
• Administration of multiprobiotics to rats with induced gastric hypochlorhydria.

Main Results:

• Gastric hypochlorhydria led to increased Tlr2, Muc2, and Defa expression.
• Lipid peroxidation intensified in duodenal villus and crypt epithelial cells.
• Multiprobiotic treatment reduced gene expression and lipid peroxidation towards control levels.

Conclusions:

• Tlr2, Muc2, and Defa gene expression are upregulated in rat duodenum during prolonged hypochlorhydria.
• These changes are associated with increased lipid peroxidation.
• Multiprobiotic intervention may mitigate hypochlorhydria-induced duodenal inflammation by normalizing gene expression and oxidative stress.