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Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

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Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
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Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid01:20

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

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The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
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Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base01:30

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base

4.5K
In titrating a weak acid with a strong base, different calculation methods are applied at various stages. Initially, the pH of a weak acid like acetic acid is calculated using its dissociation constant (Ka) and an ICE table. Upon addition of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, a buffer forms, and its pH is determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As more base is added and the titration reaches the halfway point, the pH becomes equal to the pKa of the acid, indicating equal...
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Covalent Bonds01:29

Covalent Bonds

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Overview
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

10.5K

Supramolecular Capsules: Strong versus Weak Chalcogen Bonding.

Leslie-Joana Riwar1, Nils Trapp1, Katharina Root1

  • 1Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Resorcin[4]arene cavitands dimerized into supramolecular capsules via chalcogen bonding. Tellurium-based capsules formed stable dimers, while sulfur-based ones showed solvent-dependent structures, revealing varied interaction strengths.

Keywords:
X-ray diffractionchalcogen bondingmass spectrometryself-assemblysupramolecular capsules

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Resorcin[4]arene cavitands are versatile molecular hosts capable of self-assembly.
  • Chalcogen bonding, a non-covalent interaction, offers tunable directional bonding.
  • The incorporation of heteroatoms like tellurium (Te) and sulfur (S) into organic frameworks influences their electronic and structural properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dimerization of resorcin[4]arene cavitands functionalized with benzotelluradiazole and benzothiadiazole motifs.
  • To explore the role of chalcogen bonding (Te-N and S-N) in forming supramolecular capsules.
  • To compare the structural outcomes and stability of tellurium- and sulfur-based capsules under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of resorcin[4]arene cavitands bearing 2,1,3-benzotelluradiazole and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units.
  • Chalcogen bonding-driven dimerization to form supramolecular capsules.
  • X-ray crystallography to determine the solid-state structures.
  • Native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for structural confirmation.
  • Solution-state studies to determine association constants.

Main Results:

  • Dimeric supramolecular capsules were formed through chalcogen bonding in both Te- and S-functionalized cavitands.
  • Te-based capsules exhibited strong Te⋅⋅⋅N interactions (≤2.9 Å), forming stable dimers in all solvents.
  • S-based cavitands showed solvent-dependent self-assembly, leading to either shifted capsules or 1D polymers with π-π stacking.
  • The association constant for the S-based dimeric capsule in THF was determined to be 786 M⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • Chalcogen bonding is an effective strategy for constructing resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular capsules.
  • The strength of chalcogen bonds significantly influences the self-assembly behavior and structural diversity of the resulting capsules.
  • Tellurium-nitrogen interactions lead to robust dimeric structures, whereas sulfur-nitrogen interactions offer tunable structural outcomes based on solvent interactions.