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Plaque Assay for Murine Norovirus
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Epidemiologic challenges in norovirus vaccine development.

Benjamin D Hallowell1,2, Umesh D Parashar1, Aron J Hall1

  • 1a Division of Viral Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|November 28, 2018
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Norovirus causes millions of illnesses and significant economic loss annually. Developing effective norovirus vaccines is crucial due to the lack of treatments and the virus's infectious nature.

Keywords:
Noroviruseffectivenessefficacyepidemiologyvaccine development

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Norovirus is the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis globally, leading to substantial U.S. morbidity, mortality, and economic burden.
  • Annual U.S. impact includes millions of illnesses, numerous outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and hundreds of deaths, with economic costs exceeding $5.5 billion.
  • The absence of specific antiviral therapies for norovirus infections underscores the critical need for preventative vaccination strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and discuss the primary challenges hindering the development of effective norovirus vaccines.
  • To highlight key considerations for vaccine effectiveness and target population definition in norovirus vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • This commentary reviews current progress and challenges in norovirus vaccine development.
  • It focuses on barriers related to achieving adequate vaccine effectiveness.
  • It also addresses the complexities of defining appropriate target populations for vaccination.

Main Results:

  • Several norovirus vaccines are in various stages of development, including preclinical, Phase IB, and Phase IIB trials.
  • No norovirus vaccines are currently available on the market, indicating ongoing developmental hurdles.
  • Key barriers identified include challenges in ensuring vaccine effectiveness and defining the optimal target population.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming barriers in vaccine effectiveness and target population definition is essential for successful norovirus vaccine deployment.
  • Continued research and development are necessary to bring effective norovirus vaccines to market.
  • Preventative vaccination remains a highly appealing strategy to combat the global burden of norovirus gastroenteritis.