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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-mediated Precise Gene Editing by Tube Electroporation
Published on: June 20, 2019
CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing: Research technologies, clinical applications and ethical considerations
Fani Memi1, Aglaia Ntokou2, Irinna Papangeli2
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, 21 University Street, WC1E 6DE London, UK.
Abstract:
Gene therapy carries the potential to treat more than 10,000 human monogenic diseases and benefit an even greater number of complex polygenic conditions. The repurposing of CRISPR/Cas9, an ancient bacterial immune defense system, into a gene-editing technology has armed researchers with a revolutionary tool for gene therapy. However, as the breadth of research and clinical applications of this technology continues to expand, outstanding technical challenges and ethical considerations will need to be addressed before clinical applications become commonplace. Here, we review CRISPR/Cas9 technology and discuss its benefits and limitations in research and the clinical context, as well as ethical considerations surrounding the use of CRISPR gene editing.
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