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Typicality: Stable structures and flexible functions.

Michael A Dieciuc1, Jonathan R Folstein2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA. dieciuc@psy.fsu.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Typicality is both stable and unstable, depending on how semantic knowledge is encoded and recruited. Structural typicality reflects stable encoding, while functional typicality reflects context-dependent retrieval.

Keywords:
CategorizationTypicality

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Semantics

Background:

  • Research on conceptual typicality presents conflicting views, with some studies suggesting stability and others highlighting malleability or instability.
  • Existing theories propose that typicality is either consistently determined by decontextualized feature correlations or highly inconsistent due to context-dependency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile the seemingly contradictory findings on the stability and instability of typicality.
  • To propose a dual-level framework for understanding conceptual typicality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing empirical evidence on conceptual typicality.
  • Theoretical analysis integrating stability and instability claims.
  • Introduction of the concepts of structural and functional typicality.

Main Results:

  • Typicality's stability and instability are not contradictory but complementary phenomena operating at different levels.
  • Structural typicality refers to the stable encoding of information in semantic memory.
  • Functional typicality refers to the context- and task-dependent retrieval of semantic knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • A unified framework distinguishes between the stable encoding (structural) and dynamic retrieval (functional) of typicality.
  • This dual-level model offers a more comprehensive understanding of conceptual typicality.
  • Further research is needed to explore factors mediating between structural and functional typicality.