Mesenchymal stem cell dysfunction in diabetes

Area of Science:

• Regenerative Medicine
• Endocrinology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with systemic complications.
• Stem cell-based therapies, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are investigated for DM management due to their immunomodulatory and differentiation potential.
• Understanding functional deficits in MSCs from DM patients is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and categorize the molecular deficits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in diabetes mellitus (DM) models.
• To review existing literature on MSC dysfunction in the context of DM.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE database.
• Inclusion criteria were applied to 1826 retrieved articles, resulting in 33 studies for review.

Main Results:

• Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are compromised in both Type 1 and Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) models.
• Four major molecular categories of MSC dysfunction were identified: altered angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, dysregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, increased oxidative stress, and impaired cellular differentiation and proliferation.

Conclusions:

• Identifying specific molecular deficits in MSCs from DM patients is essential.
• This knowledge will aid in evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapies aimed at reversing these dysfunctions for treating diabetic complications.