Integrative framework for selecting gene delivery technologies in microalgae for synthetic biology

Area of Science:

• * Synthetic biology
• * Biotechnology
• * Algal research

Background:

• * Microalgae are valuable hosts for producing high-value compounds using synthetic biology.
• * Established gene delivery methods in microalgae have limited application in synthetic biology, requiring improvements in cargo flexibility and engineering compatibility.
• * Emerging non-conventional platforms like cell-penetrating peptides and metal-organic frameworks need further validation across different microalgal species.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To provide a comparative analysis of existing and emerging gene delivery technologies for microalgal synthetic biology.
• * To develop a practical framework to guide the selection of appropriate gene delivery strategies for microalgal synthetic biology applications.
• * To highlight the need for gene delivery platforms that are compatible with diverse cargos, recipient species, and engineering objectives.

Main Methods:

• * Comparative analysis of conventional gene delivery technologies: agitation, microparticle bombardment, electroporation, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
• * Evaluation of emerging non-conventional platforms: cell-penetrating peptides and metal-organic frameworks.
• * Development of a selection framework based on cargo formats and species-specific cellular characteristics.

Main Results:

• * Conventional methods require enhancements for synthetic biology applications.
• * Non-conventional methods show promise but need broader validation.
• * A novel framework categorizes gene delivery methods by cargo and biological context.

Conclusions:

• * Effective gene delivery is crucial for advancing microalgal synthetic biology.
• * The proposed framework aids in selecting optimal delivery strategies for diverse applications.
• * Future efforts should focus on developing versatile platforms adaptable to various microalgal species and synthetic biology goals.