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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme

Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme

Published on: November 28, 2011

Associations between mandibular symphysis form and craniofacial structures.

Yolanda Gómez¹, Verónica García-Sanz², Natalia Zamora¹

¹Orthodontics Department, University of Valencia, Clínica Odontológica UV, C/Gascó Oliag no. 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain.

|November 29, 2018

Summary

Mandibular symphysis morphology shows limited dependence on sex, incisor position, or skeletal class alone. Combined analysis of vertical pattern and skeletal class reveals more significant relationships in symphysis shape.

Keywords:

Chin Hard tissue Mandibular symphysis Soft tissue facial profile

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A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

Published on: January 11, 2018

Area of Science:

Dentistry
Orthodontics
Anthropology

Background:

The mandibular symphysis is a key anatomical region influencing facial aesthetics and function.
Understanding its morphology in relation to craniofacial patterns is crucial for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze relationships between mandibular symphysis characteristics and facial pattern, skeletal class, lower incisor position, and sex.
To determine associations between symphysis soft tissue dimensions and underlying osseous structures.

Main Methods:

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 385 patients were analyzed.
Mandibular symphysis measurements were taken using Invivo5 software.
Patients were classified by skeletal class and vertical facial pattern; lower incisor inclination was recorded.

Main Results:

Symphyseal measurements were larger in males. Skeletal Class II and III hyperdivergent patients had the highest symphysis height.
Hypodivergent individuals showed lower symphysis convexity angles; concavity was greater in Class II hyperdivergent patients.
Lower incisor inclination correlated positively with symphysis concavity and inclination; hard and soft tissue correlations were moderate to weak.

Conclusions:

Mandibular symphysis morphology is minimally influenced by sex, incisor position, or skeletal class individually.
Combined analysis of vertical pattern and skeletal class revealed more significant relationships.
Symphysis soft tissue shape does not directly correlate with underlying skeletal structures.