Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

4.8K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
4.8K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

26.2K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.2K
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

52.4K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
52.4K
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

10.2K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
10.2K
Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

17.6K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.6K
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

400
The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
400

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Iron overload induces ROS-mediated neural stem/progenitor cells apoptosis via mTOR pathway.

BMC neuroscience·2026
Same author

Enhancing Magneto-Optical Activity via Coordination Distortion in Chiral Er<sub>4</sub>M<sub>8</sub> Clusters.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Predicting Internal Versus External Nanoparticle Formation in Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

An Efficient Framework for Simulating Optical Responses of Dynamically Evolving Periodic Nanoarrays.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same author

Emerging concept of precise neuromodulation: Genetics-based neuromodulation in spinal cord injury.

Neural regeneration research·2026
Same author

Unraveling the dynamics of multiple excited states in a single-molecule transistor.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
09:16

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

Published on: June 8, 2016

16.8K

Simulating Powder X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Two-Dimensional Materials.

Yibin Jiang1, Lingyun Cao1, Xuefu Hu1

  • 1Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis for 2D materials requires new methods beyond the Bragg equation. A novel real-space simulation technique, CIREALS, accurately models 2D crystal structures and preferred orientations for better data interpretation.

More Related Videos

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
11:25

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

16.3K
Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies
12:38

Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies

Published on: April 11, 2021

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
09:16

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

Published on: June 8, 2016

16.8K
In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
11:25

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

16.3K
Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies
12:38

Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies

Published on: April 11, 2021

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is a standard technique for analyzing atomic arrangements in crystalline materials.
  • The Bragg equation, fundamental to PXRD, is insufficient for accurately describing diffraction from two-dimensional (2D) materials.
  • Interpreting PXRD data from 2D materials necessitates accounting for continuous diffraction signals, preferred orientation, and geometric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust method for simulating Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of 2D materials.
  • To address the limitations of the Bragg equation in describing diffraction from 2D crystalline structures.
  • To facilitate the structural analysis of novel 2D materials like metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of the Complete Integration in Real Space (CIREALS) method for PXRD simulations.
  • Application of CIREALS to monolayer and multilayer 2D crystals, including metal-organic layers and covalent organic frameworks.
  • Utilizing real-space calculations to capture 2D geometry and preferred orientation effects.

Main Results:

  • CIREALS provides accurate PXRD pattern simulations for 2D materials.
  • The method effectively models the unique diffraction characteristics of 2D crystals.
  • Successfully captured the influence of preferred orientation and geometric disorders on PXRD data.

Conclusions:

  • CIREALS offers a significant advancement in the PXRD analysis of 2D materials.
  • The developed method enables more precise structural determination of novel 2D crystalline systems.
  • Facilitates broader adoption and deeper understanding of 2D materials through improved PXRD interpretation.