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[Secondary osteoporosis. Disease-Related Osteoporosis in Children.]

Toshimi Michigami1

  • 1Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|November 30, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Childhood osteoporosis has primary and secondary causes. While mild cases may resolve, severe osteoporosis, including osteogenesis imperfecta, may require bisphosphonate treatment, though long-term effects need study.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Childhood osteoporosis classification mirrors adult forms, with primary (e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta) and secondary causes.
  • Secondary osteoporosis in children is linked to diseases, glucocorticoid use, malnutrition, immobility, inflammation, and endocrine issues.
  • Mild pediatric osteoporosis can self-resolve upon addressing risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, risk factors, and treatment strategies for childhood osteoporosis.
  • To highlight the role of bisphosphonates in managing pediatric osteoporosis.
  • To discuss emerging therapies for osteogenesis imperfecta.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric osteoporosis.
  • Analysis of primary and secondary osteoporosis etiologies.
  • Evaluation of bisphosphonate efficacy and safety in children.
  • Overview of novel therapeutic targets for osteogenesis imperfecta.

Main Results:

  • Osteogenesis imperfecta is a key genetic cause of primary osteoporosis.
  • Risk factors for secondary osteoporosis are diverse, impacting growing children.
  • Bisphosphonate administration improved bone mineral density in pediatric patients.
  • Long-term safety and efficacy of bisphosphonates in children require further research.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment decisions for pediatric osteoporosis depend on severity and cause.
  • Bisphosphonates are a viable option for severe cases, including osteogenesis imperfecta.
  • New treatments targeting sclerostin and TGF-β are being developed for osteogenesis imperfecta.

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