Hepatic Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report

Hepatic hydatid disease is a goonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus and it is endemic in different parts of the world. This infection is an important public health problem. Although it is distributed throughout the world but common in the livestock grazing regions of the world such as in Central Europe, Africa, South America, Central Asia and China. Here we present the case "30 years old female" with the complaints of right upper abdominal pain for 3 months, nausea & occasional vomiting for 1 month and was admitted under general surgery ward at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh on 12th March 2018. Considering history, physical examination, serological investigations, imaging studies and exploratory laparotomy the diagnosis is hepatic hydatid cyst. Echinococcus granulosus produces cysts in almost every organs of the body most commonly in the liver. Man is the incidental intermediate host where definitive host is carnivores such as dogs. Hydatid cyst always starts as a fluid filled, cyst like structure (stage I), which may proceed to a stage II lesion if daughter cysts and/or matrix develop. In some instances, the stage II lesion becomes hypermature and due to starvation, dies to become a mummified, inert, calcified, stage III lesion. Ultrsound is the preferred firstline imaging but CECT give more precise information regarding the morphology of the cyst. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is particularly useful because of its multiplaner capabilities and more detail anatomical resolution.