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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.9K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.0K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

3.2K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
3.2K
Non-ohmic Devices00:51

Non-ohmic Devices

1.5K
In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A...
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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Micropunching Lithography for Generating Micro- and Submicron-patterns on Polymer Substrates
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Soft Lithography, Molding, and Micromachining Techniques for Polymer Micro Devices.

Ashis Kumar Sen1, Abhishek Raj2, Utsab Banerjee2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India. ashis@iitm.ac.in.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This guide details polymer microfluidic device fabrication methods for solid and liquid polymers. It provides step-by-step protocols, safety procedures, and tips to ensure successful microfluidic device creation.

Keywords:
EtchingMicromachiningMoldingPolymer micro devicesSoft lithography

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Microfluidic devices are crucial for various scientific applications.
  • Polymer-based microfluidics offer advantages in cost and flexibility.
  • Standardized fabrication protocols are needed for reproducible results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of polymer microfluidic device fabrication techniques.
  • To detail methods, protocols, and safety procedures for diverse polymer types (solid and liquid).
  • To guide researchers in selecting and executing appropriate fabrication methods.

Main Methods:

  • The chapter describes 14 distinct fabrication techniques.
  • Methods include replica molding, hot embossing, injection molding, and photolithography-based approaches.
  • Detailed procedures, images, and practical advice (dos and don'ts) are provided for each technique.

Main Results:

  • A wide array of fabrication techniques for polymer microfluidic devices are presented.
  • The content covers both solid and liquid polymer processing.
  • Safety considerations and practical tips are integrated into the descriptions.

Conclusions:

  • This resource serves as a practical guide for fabricating polymer microfluidic devices.
  • It aims to minimize errors and enhance the quality of fabricated devices.
  • The chapter benefits researchers and engineers working in microfluidics.