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Related Concept Videos

Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

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Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis02:35

DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

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Agarose gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique commonly used to separate DNA fragments by size. However, it can also be used to isolate and purify DNA fragments using a gel extraction protocol.
Gel extraction follows five major steps: running gel electrophoresis to separate fragments, isolating the individual bands, extracting DNA from those bands, and removing the dye and salts from the extracted mixture to obtain pure DNA.
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Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Amplification of Escherichia coli in a Continuous-Flow-PCR Microfluidic Chip and Its Detection with a Capillary Electrophoresis System
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Amplification of Escherichia coli in a Continuous-Flow-PCR Microfluidic Chip and Its Detection with a Capillary Electrophoresis System

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Sample Preconcentration Protocols in Microfluidic Electrophoresis.

Fumihiko Kitagawa1, Koji Otsuka2

  • 1Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan. kitagawa@hirosaki-u.ac.jp.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microfluidic electrophoresis enhances sensitivity using on-line sample preconcentration. Techniques like field-amplified sample stacking and large-volume sample stacking with electroosmotic flow pump (LVSEP) are detailed for improved microchip analysis.

Keywords:
Field-amplified sample stackingLVSEPMicrochip electrophoresisOn-line sample preconcentrationSweeping

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Microfluidic electrophoresis requires sensitive detection.
  • On-line sample preconcentration is crucial for enhancing sensitivity in microchip electrophoresis.
  • Existing methods like field-amplified sample stacking have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe on-line sample preconcentration techniques for microchip electrophoresis.
  • To demonstrate field-amplified sample stacking and sweeping on cross-channel microchips.
  • To introduce a novel large-volume sample stacking with electroosmotic flow pump (LVSEP) method for straight-channel chips.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and operation protocols for on-line sample preconcentration in microchip electrophoresis.
  • Demonstration of field-amplified sample stacking and sweeping on cross-channel microchips.
  • Implementation of a large-volume sample stacking with electroosmotic flow pump (LVSEP) on straight-channel chips, simplifying injection processes.

Main Results:

  • Field-amplified sample stacking and sweeping are effective preconcentration techniques on cross-channel microchips.
  • Large-volume sample stacking with electroosmotic flow pump (LVSEP) offers a simplified approach for straight-channel chips, eliminating complex voltage programming.
  • These methods collectively improve the sensitivity of electrophoretic separations in microfluidic devices.

Conclusions:

  • On-line sample preconcentration techniques significantly enhance sensitivity in microchip electrophoresis.
  • Field-amplified sample stacking and LVSEP are valuable methods for microfluidic sample preparation.
  • The described methods provide practical guidance for implementing advanced preconcentration strategies in microchip electrophoresis.